Macrophages enter CAR immunotherapy

Versatile CAR T-cells for cancer immunotherapy

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been clinically proven to efficiently combat haematological malignancies. However, continuous efforts are required to increase the specificity of CAR T-cells against tumour versus normal tissues, and are essential to improve their antitumour activity in solid tumours. This review summarises the structure of major CAR designs, and strategies to ...

CAR-NK Cells: A Systematic Review of Emerging Alternative on Immunotherapy Against Leukemia

Background: Cancer is a public health emergency. It has a high mortality rate despite numerous studies on pharmaceutical therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer (CAR-NK) cells are promising immunotherapy that could be used to treat cancer, especially leukemia. However, the evidence is still unclear. Thus, this systematic review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the use of CAR...

Activation and Suppression of Macrophages: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

It is widely known that macrophages can be activated to kill tumor cells. It is also known that tumor-infiltrating macrophages can be immunosuppressed. The mechanisms of both tumor killing by activated macrophages and tumor-induced macrophage suppression are not entirely clear. To better understand the mechanisms that macrophages use to kill tumor cells, a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7,...

Harnessing the antitumor potential of macrophages for cancer immunotherapy

Macrophages constitute a dominant fraction of the population of immune cells that infiltrate developing tumors. Recruited by tumor-derived signals, tumor-infiltrating macrophages are key orchestrators of a microenvironment that supports tumor progression. However, the phenotype of macrophages is pliable and, if instructed properly, macrophages can mediate robust antitumor functions through thei...

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